doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2025.16.3.1526
Optimization of Phosphate Removal from Simulated Wastewater Using Corn (Zea mays) Husk-Derived Cellulose as a Bioadsorbent Using Full Factorial Design of Experiments
Tristan Roy L. Panaligan*
,
Jesuniño R. Aquino ,
Dorothy Joy B. Alpino ,
Johanne B. Aquino ,
Aliyah Jandy A. Carta
- Mapúa Institute of Technology at Laguna, Mapúa Malayan Colleges Laguna, Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines
- Manuscript receivedSeptember 23, 2024
- revisedDecember 15, 2024
- acceptedJanuary 2, 2025
- publishedJune 5, 2025
Abstract
Bioadsorbents are extensively utilized inwastewater treatment due to their eco-friendly nature andeffectiveness in removing contaminants. The properties ofbioadsorbents can undergo significant alterations depending onpreparation methods, raw material types, and chemicalmodifications. This study investigates the efficiency of CornHusk-Derived Cellulose Bioadsorbent (CHDC-BA) in theremoval of phosphate from simulated wastewater. Corn huskswere treated with alkali and bleaching processes to obtainCHDC-BA. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted toexamine the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact timeon the Percent Phosphate Removal (PPR) efficiency. Theexperimental approach employed a Full Factorial Design ofExperiments (DOE), and the data was processed using JMP®(SAS Institute). The data gathered were analyzed using p-valuehypothesis testing, Summary of Fit data, and Prediction Profilerof JMP. Optimal conditions for maximum PPR were found atpH 13, 6 g adsorbent dosage, and 60 min contact time. Underthese conditions, CHDC-BA achieved a 60.88% removalefficiency, reducing the phosphate concentration in thesimulated wastewater from 9.8 ppm to 3.83 ppm.
Keywords
- Zea mays
- corn husk
- cellulose bioadsorbent
- full factorial DOE
- phosphate removal
- wastewater
How to Cite
Tristan Roy L. Panaligan, Jesuniño R. Aquino, Dorothy Joy B. Alpino, Johanne B. Aquino, and Aliyah Jandy A. Carta, "Optimization of Phosphate Removal from Simulated Wastewater Using Corn (Zea mays) Husk-Derived Cellulose as a Bioadsorbent Using Full Factorial Design of Experiments," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 196-201, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2025.16.3.1526
Copyright & License
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).