Abstract—Bioadsorbents are extensively utilized in
wastewater treatment due to their eco-friendly nature and
effectiveness in removing contaminants. The properties of
bioadsorbents can undergo significant alterations depending on
preparation methods, raw material types, and chemical
modifications. This study investigates the efficiency of Corn
Husk-Derived Cellulose Bioadsorbent (CHDC-BA) in the
removal of phosphate from simulated wastewater. Corn husks
were treated with alkali and bleaching processes to obtain
CHDC-BA. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to
examine the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time
on the Percent Phosphate Removal (PPR) efficiency. The
experimental approach employed a Full Factorial Design of
Experiments (DOE), and the data was processed using JMP®
(SAS Institute). The data gathered were analyzed using p-value
hypothesis testing, Summary of Fit data, and Prediction Profiler
of JMP. Optimal conditions for maximum PPR were found at
pH 13, 6 g adsorbent dosage, and 60 min contact time. Under
these conditions, CHDC-BA achieved a 60.88% removal
efficiency, reducing the phosphate concentration in the
simulated wastewater from 9.8 ppm to 3.83 ppm.
Keywords—Zea mays, corn husk, cellulose bioadsorbent, full
factorial DOE, phosphate removal, wastewater
Cite: Tristan Roy L. Panaligan, Jesuniño R. Aquino, Dorothy Joy B. Alpino, Johanne B. Aquino,
and Aliyah Jandy A. Carta, "Optimization of Phosphate Removal from Simulated Wastewater Using Corn (Zea mays) Husk-Derived Cellulose as a Bioadsorbent Using Full Factorial Design of Experiments," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 196-201, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).