IJESD 2021 Vol.12(6): 181-187 ISSN: 2010-0264
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.6.1338
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.6.1338
Comparative Cost Benefit Analysis of Conventional Farming and Agroecological Farming for Paddy Cultivation in Bachok, Kelantan
Ah Choy Er, Habibah Ahmad, and Azima Abdul Manaf
Abstract—In Malaysia, conventional rice farming is the
predominant method of rice cultivation with attendant
problems like the harmful effects of the utilisation of synthetic
pesticides and synthetic fertilisers. Thus, conventional rice
farming was compared to the System of Rice Intensification
(SRI) method, a variant of agroecological rice farming, in
Kampung Klerek, Bachok District, and Kelantan. It must be
noted that the agroecological rice farming method is the
farmer’s maiden attempt. Agroecological rice farming is a
much more environmentally friendly approach. The aim of this
paper is to compare conventional rice farming vis-à-vis
agroecological rice farming from a financial perspective.
Comparative Cost Benefit Analysis has been adopted to
determine which the better alternative is. However, the results
go beyond financial consideration as conventional rice farming
is chemically driven whereas agroecological rice farming is
grounded on environmentalism. The results indicated that
agroecological rice farming is a better financial alternative with
higher revenue and lower cost of production. The higher
revenue is due to higher production yield whereas the lower cost
of production is due to contributory factors like lower labour
cost, lower seed utilisation and ancillary cost, zero cost for
synthetic fertilisers and lower fuel and ancillary cost for
machinery despite higher organic fertiliser cost. Thus, on a
long-term basis, with the effect of the learning and experience
curve, the cost of production can be lowered further. Moreover,
the higher rice yield, less seed wastage, utilisation of organic
fertilisers, organic pesticides and natural pest control methods
are in sync with good environmental practices.
Index Terms—Agroecological rice farming, comparative cost-benefit analysis, conventional rice farming, and fertilisers.
The authors are with Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia (corresponding author: Ah Choy Er; email: eveer@ukm.edu.my, ha@ukm.edu.my, azima@ukm.edu.my).
Index Terms—Agroecological rice farming, comparative cost-benefit analysis, conventional rice farming, and fertilisers.
The authors are with Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia (corresponding author: Ah Choy Er; email: eveer@ukm.edu.my, ha@ukm.edu.my, azima@ukm.edu.my).
Cite: Ah Choy Er, Habibah Ahmad, and Azima Abdul Manaf, "Comparative Cost Benefit Analysis of Conventional Farming and Agroecological Farming for Paddy Cultivation in Bachok, Kelantan," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 181-187, 2021.
Copyright © 2021 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).General Information
- ISSN: 2010-0264 (Print); 2972-3698 (Online)
- Abbreviated Title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev.
- Frequency: Bimonthly
- DOI: 10.18178/IJESD
- Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Richard Haynes
- Managing Editor: Ms. Cherry L. Chen
- Indexing: Scopus (CiteScore 2022: 1.4), Google Scholar, CNKI, ProQuest, EBSCO, etc.
- E-mail: ijesd@ejournal.net
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