Abstract

The process of classification and storage ofdomestic or Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is essential indomestic solid waste management because this processdetermines the method of treatment of this kind of waste. InViet Nam, according to the Law on Environmental Protection2020, MSW generated by households and individuals isclassified into three groups, and the regulations must beimplemented by December 31, 2024. However, the practice ofclassification and storage of MSW in Vietnam still facesdifficulties and shortcomings because of economic-financialconditions, cultural issues, habits, and awareness of the public.The study examines the existing regulations and practices ofMSW classification and storage in Viet Nam and comparesthem with Japan's experience in several aspects. Taking Ho ChiMinh City's practice as a representative of MSW managementin Viet Nam, the study conducted a survey with 419 respondentsfrom July 17–22, 2025, using online means. Combined with legaldescription and analysis, the research findings show asubstantial gap between the government's expectations and thecurrent practice on the matter at issue. Such a divergence seemsto persist for a great deal of time if local governments do nothandle the matter practically, seriously taking the publicawareness into account as a fundamental step. In addition,paying sufficient investments in facilities necessary for MSWclassification and storage is a further step towards sustainableMSW management.