Abstract—Evapotranspiration (ET) drives water loss from
land surfaces, shapes regional hydrological balance, and
fundamentally contributes to global sustainable resource
management. Assessing ET is crucial for coastal areas heavily
impacted by prolonged dry seasons, climate change,
overexploitation of water resources, and pressures from urban
development. This study employs remote sensing and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate ET trends
across Ba Ria-Vung Tau, a coastal province of Vietnam, from
2010 to 2020, using the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index
(S-SEBI) with Landsat imagery. The four land cover types
analyzed were water, vegetation, bare soil, and impervious
surfaces. The results showed that different land cover types in
Ba Ria-Vung Tau province have revealed distinct ET patterns.
Water surfaces exhibited the highest ET (15.01 ± 0.5 mm/day in
2020), followed by vegetation (6–10 mm/day), while bare soil and
impervious surfaces ranged from 3–5 mm/day. In addition, land
surface temperature (LST) emerged as a key factor directly
influencing the amount of ET. LST rose from 27.8°C (2010) to
29.3°C (2020), raising ET by 7%, reflecting climate change and
land use shifts. These findings show ET’s key role in coastal
water cycles and aid sustainable management amid
urbanization and warming.
Keywords—evapotranspiration, remote sensing, GIS, S-SEBI,
Landsat, Ba Ria-Vung Tau
Cite: Nhi Tuyet Thi Pham, Au Hai Nguyen, Vo Nguyen Quang Khai, Vy Minh Hong Tat, Linh Khanh Luu, and Thien Duc Nguyen, "Application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Estimate Evapotranspiration of Land Cover Types in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 452-465, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).