Abstract—This study assesses energy generation technologies using a comprehensive model to support decision-making in energy project planning. We evaluated 11 energy generation technologies based on economic, environmental, and social metrics. Using the SQuaRE standard as a reference, we defined five distinct objectives, each of which was assigned a score to compare the technologies across five different scenarios. Each scenario addresses distinctive stakeholder interests. This approach provides a comprehensive view of each technology, enabling both broad and specific comparisons among them. Our results indicate that, in a general assessment, rooftop solar PV technology received the highest average score among the evaluated options, followed by small hydropower and offshore wind turbines; however, in a scenario where reliability is the most important factor, nuclear power ranked first among all technologies. Overall, this assessment reveals that renewable energy sources are rated more favorably than non-renewable ones, reflecting a global shift towards renewable solutions and acknowledgment of their potential benefits.
Keywords—assessment, evaluation model, energy generation technologies, SQuaRE standard, decision-making, social impact, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), smart grids, sustainable development
Cite: Juan D. Garcia-Racines, Masahide Nakamura, and Sinan Chen, "Assessing Energy Generation Technologies with Comprehensive Model Based on SQuaRE Standard," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 393-405, 2025.
Copyright © 2025 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).