International Journal of
Environmental Science and Development

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2010-0264(Print)
2972-3698(Online)
Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev.
Bimonthly
10.18178/IJESD
Ms. Stella. Chen
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editor@ijesd.org

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Home > Articles > All Issues > 2024 > Volume 15 Number 6 (2024) >
IJESD 2024 Vol.15(6): 326-333
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2024.15.6.1503

The Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Mitigation Action in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Daniel S. I. Sondakh1,* , Franky R. Tulungen2 , Joni K. Kampilong1 , Fadly S.J. Rumondor2 , Stanss L.H.V.J. Lapian3 , Yolla S. Kawuwung4

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon, Tomohon City, Indonesia
  • 2Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon, Tomohon City, Indonesia
  • 3Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado City, Indonesia
  • 4Department of Architect, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon, Tomohon City, Indonesia

* Corresponding author

  • Manuscript receivedMay 24, 2024
  • revisedJune 19, 2024
  • acceptedAugust 7, 2024
  • publishedDecember 17, 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to predict agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, map the distribution, and formulate effective mitigation strategies in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The primary and secondary data were obtained from farmer groups and the official office. These data were collected through interviews and surveys using questionnaires and processed with Tier-1 methods to obtain GHG emissions. Subsequently, ArcMap was used for mapping, and focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to formulate mitigation strategies. The results showed that agricultural GHG emissions, estimated for 2022, amounted to 1,697.88 Gigagram CO2-eq per year (Gg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/y). Compared to 2021, there was an increase in emissions by 2.81 % due to the rise in direct nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions from soil processing and fertilizer. Several adaptation efforts to climate change were formulated to address this challenge, including regulating or adjusting rice planting patterns and periodically reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers. Mitigation strategies were also formulated to maximize the implementation of organic farming, intermittent irrigation systems on paddy fields, and the use of several low-GHG-emission rice varieties.

Keywords

  • adaptation
  • atmospheric gas
  • climate change
  • GHG emissions
  • global warming
IJESD-V15N6-1503

How to Cite

Copied

Daniel S. I. Sondakh, Franky R. Tulungen, Joni K. Kampilong, Fadly S.J. Rumondor, Stanss L.H.V.J. Lapian, and Yolla S. Kawuwung, "The Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Mitigation Action in North Sulawesi, Indonesia," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 326-333, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2024.15.6.1503

Copyright & License

Copyright © 2024 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

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