doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.2.1429
A Water Quality Assessment and Modelling of the Indian River Tungabhadra
, , , , , ,
K. Kumar4,*
- 1the
- 2the Department of Civil engineering, VTU-PG
- 3the Department of Civil engineering, Jawaharlal
- 4the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla
- Manuscript receivedJune 14, 2022
- revisedAugust 5, 2022
- acceptedSeptember 9, 2022
Abstract
Every river gets polluted as it moves from itssource to the end. Hence, the quality of the water requiresinvestigation for the usability. In the present work 40.69 kmstretch of the river Tungabhadra in the Davangere district ofthe Karnataka, India was chosen for testing the water quality.The samples’ physical, chemical and biological characteristicswere tested from eight sites for each month during pre-monsoon,monsoon and post-monsoon seasons from 2017 to 2019. Abiochemical oxygen demand-dissolved oxygen (BOD-DO)equation was estimated using the de-oxygenation andreaeration constants. The results showed that the physical andchemical parameters were within the limits of the usabilitystandards for all the sampling stations during all seasons. Forthe first 2.54 km of the River Tungabhadra, the biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD) levels were categorized as class “C”,implying the river water to be within drinking water standards.However, from 2.54 to 40.69 km stretch, the river was classifiedas class “D”, making it unsuitable for drinking water. It wasalso shown that the river could be maintained class “C” if itflowed at 6m3/s which can be achieved by releasing water fromthe Tunga and Bhadra reservoirs. Moreover, treatment of themunicipal waste before spilling to the river would furtherreduce the BOD levels.
Keywords
- Dissolved oxygen control
- QUAL2KW
- Tungabhadra River
- water quality
How to Cite
M. M. Babu, B. D. Reddy, A. V. Shivapur, S. Ranjith, P. N. Reddy, B. V. Kavyateja, and K. Kumar, "A Water Quality Assessment and Modelling of the Indian River Tungabhadra," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 160-169, 2023. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.2.1429
Copyright & License
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).