IJESD 2023 Vol.14(4): 265-270
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.4.1443
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.4.1443
Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Acidic Effluents Using Electroless Plating
Thandiwe Sithole* and Freeman Ntuli
Manuscript received August 12, 2022; revised September 6, 2022; accepted October 17, 2022.
Abstract—Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the biggest issues faced by the mining and mineral processing industries in terms of removing heavy metals from the effluents. The present study investigated the effects of glyoxylic acid, hydrazine and dimethylamine borane as reducing agents and the effect of using Ni, Fe, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as seeding materials to remove metals from acidic effluents respectively. The experiments were conducted using acidic mine effluent in a 0.5 L batch reactor using different seeding materials and reducing agents respectively. The study is the first of its kind to examine and compare all four seeding materials using different reducing agents respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were used to analyse the seeding material before and after Electroless plating.. The study suggests that BOFS is a effective seed together with hydrazine reducing agent that yielded a 99.9% removal of Fe (III), whilst Ni and Fe powder failed to seed effectively. During reduction precipitation, nucleation and breakage were identified as the predominant particulate processes based on particle size distribution (PSD) evolution and its moments. There were significant mineral phases formed, such as bownmillerites Ca2(Al, Fe)2O5, which formed by replacing Si with Al and Fe in all tetrahedral coordinations between Al, Fe and Si, suggesting chemisorption being a dominant mechanism.
Index Terms—Electroless plating, heavy metal, reducing agents, seeding material
Thandiwe Sithole is with the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Freeman Ntuli is with the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg and Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Botswana.
*Correspondence: nastassias@uj.ac.za (T.S.)
Index Terms—Electroless plating, heavy metal, reducing agents, seeding material
Thandiwe Sithole is with the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Freeman Ntuli is with the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg and Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Botswana.
*Correspondence: nastassias@uj.ac.za (T.S.)
Cite: Thandiwe Sithole* and Freeman Ntuli, "Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Acidic Effluents Using Electroless Plating," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 265-270, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
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- ISSN: 2010-0264 (Print); 2972-3698 (Online)
- Abbreviated Title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev.
- Frequency: Bimonthly
- DOI: 10.18178/IJESD
- Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Richard Haynes
- Managing Editor: Ms. Cherry L. Chen
- Indexing: Scopus (CiteScore 2022: 1.4), Google Scholar, CNKI, ProQuest, EBSCO, etc.
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