Abstract

Agriculture sector in Vietnam is not only affectedby climate change but it also emits a high proportion ofgreenhouse gas (GHG) - especially rice, which is the main sourceof GHG emissions in this sector. Many GHG mitigation optionshave been transferred to rice cultivation in the world withbiochar measure, compost measure and applying AlternativeWet and Dry (AWD) measures having high potential to reducingGHG emissions. This study assesses the co-benefits ofgreenhouse gas emission mitigation options above in comparisonwith traditional farmers' practice (applying flooding irrigation(PF) in combination with farmyard manure fertilizer (FYM)) tofind a climate-smart agriculture system for Vietnam ensuringboth economic benefits and maintain Global Warming Potential.Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Hanoi city,located in Northwest Vietnam. The experiment was divided intotwo blocks with different water regimes: AWD and PF. Eachblock was designed with four different types of fertilizer: 1)NPK (i.e. irorganic fertilizer) only; 2) NPK and FYM; 3) NPKand straw compost; and 4) NPK and straw biochar. The resultshowed that rice yield was significantly different amongmitigation treatments compared to traditional farming practise.In addition, the block with AWD irrigation method and NPK+straw biochar fertilizer showed potential to mitigate GHGemissions significantly with 53.4% CO2eq per grain yieldreduction compared to traditional farmers' practice.Furthermore, this mitigation option also helped to save 43.24%of water irrigation, increase soil fertilit and reuse Vietnam’sagricultural residue.