IJESD 2023 Vol.14(6): 381-387
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.6.1458
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.6.1458
Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Huai Luang River in Udon Thani, Thailand, Using the Water Quality Index
S. Phitaktim, C. Wangka-orm, S. Wesetsri, T. Togari, S. Sato, and M. Wongaree*
Manuscript received April 30, 2023; revised July 14, 2023; accepted July 25, 2023.
Abstract—This study aimed to analyze the surface water
quality of the Huai Luang River using the water quality index
(WQI) method. Five parameters were analyzed to assess the
water quality of the Huai Luang River; they were dissolved
oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform
bacteria (TCB), fecal coliform bacteria (FCB), and ammonia
(NH3). The Huai Luang River is the municipality’s primary
consumption water source in Udon Thani province, Thailand.
WQI classifications were calculated by using the surface water
quality standards program of Thailand’s Pollution Control
Department (PCD-WQI). The results showed that the water
quality in the Huai Luang River was bad status, in the WQI
range of 54-60 scores. The major sources of pollutants in the
Huai Luang River were wastewater from communities,
agriculture, and animal farms are the main contributors to
water pollution. Seasonal water quality variations were
observed at each monitoring site from March 2022 to February
2023. WQI concentration in the rainy season (March to June)
was generally among the highest (57 score) compared with other
seasons (56 score in winter and 54 score in summer). While the
WQI concentration of the upstream sampling site (domestic
wastewater) had the lowest (55 score) compared with the other
sites (59 score for midstream and 60 score for downstream).
Therefore, this research study presented valuable information
on WQI for the Huai Luang River for water quality
management by administrators and local community
participation.
Index Terms—Water quality index, Surface water quality, Huai Luang River, Udon Thani
S. Phitaktim, C. Wangka-orm, S. Weisetsri, and M. Wongaree are with the Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand.
T. Togari and S. Sato are with the Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, Japan.
*Correspondence: mathana.wo@udru.ac.th (M.W.)
Index Terms—Water quality index, Surface water quality, Huai Luang River, Udon Thani
S. Phitaktim, C. Wangka-orm, S. Weisetsri, and M. Wongaree are with the Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand.
T. Togari and S. Sato are with the Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tottori University of Environmental Studies, Japan.
*Correspondence: mathana.wo@udru.ac.th (M.W.)
Cite: S. Phitaktim, C. Wangka-orm, S. Wesetsri, T. Togari, S. Sato, and M. Wongaree*, "Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Huai Luang River in Udon Thani, Thailand, Using the Water Quality Index," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 381-387, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).General Information
- ISSN: 2010-0264 (Print); 2972-3698 (Online)
- Abbreviated Title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev.
- Frequency: Bimonthly
- DOI: 10.18178/IJESD
- Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Richard Haynes
- Managing Editor: Ms. Cherry L. Chen
- Indexing: Scopus (CiteScore 2022: 1.4), Google Scholar, CNKI, ProQuest, EBSCO, etc.
- E-mail: ijesd@ejournal.net
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