IJESD 2017 Vol.8(12): 809-814 ISSN: 2010-0264
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.12.1062
doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.12.1062
Measuring Perform-Achieve-Trade: Analysis of Indian Cement and Pulp & Paper Industries
Hena Oak
Abstract—India launched the Perform-Achieve-Trade (PAT)
scheme for firms in the eight most energy intensive industries in
2007. The purpose was to induce efficient use of energy through
trade in Energy Saving Certificates. The scheme identified the
most polluting firms from each of these industries and set
individual energy intensity reduction targets. The first PAT
cycle runs from 2012-2015 and targets have to be met within
this period. This is the first time India has adopted tradable
permit scheme for dealing with an environmental problem. The
objective of this paper is to quantify the PAT effect for two out
of the eight identified industries viz. Cement and Pulp & Paper
industries. The paper uses difference-in-differences to estimate
the energy intensity of firms in the implementation years. The
technique of difference-in- difference-in-differences is used to
get even more robust results. Finally an OLS model is estimated
to include other factors that influence the energy intensity of
firms from these two industries. The paper finds PAT did not
have a significant impact on the average energy intensity, but
the coefficient of triple interaction term is significantly negative.
All other explanatory variable shave the expected signs.
Index Terms—Cement industry, energy intensity, India, perform achieve and trade, pulp & paper industry, tradable permits.
Hena Oak is with the Department of Economics, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India (e-mail: henaoak@gmail.com).
Index Terms—Cement industry, energy intensity, India, perform achieve and trade, pulp & paper industry, tradable permits.
Hena Oak is with the Department of Economics, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India (e-mail: henaoak@gmail.com).
Cite: Hena Oak, "Measuring Perform-Achieve-Trade: Analysis of Indian Cement and Pulp & Paper Industries," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 809-814, 2017.
General Information
- ISSN: 2010-0264 (Print); 2972-3698 (Online)
- Abbreviated Title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev.
- Frequency: Bimonthly
- DOI: 10.18178/IJESD
- Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Richard Haynes
- Managing Editor: Ms. Cherry L. Chen
- Indexing: Scopus (CiteScore 2022: 1.4), Google Scholar, CNKI, ProQuest, EBSCO, etc.
- E-mail: ijesd@ejournal.net
List group item headingWed
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingTues
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingMon
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingWed
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingTues
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingMon
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingWed
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingTues
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingMon
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingWed
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingTues
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
List group item headingMon
Some placeholder content in a paragraph below the heading and date.
Call for Papers
When submitting papers for potential publication in IJESD, please submit an original editable file in .doc style file. All figures, tables, and equations, etc., should be embedded into the original file.